{"id":20931,"date":"2026-11-06T13:58:44","date_gmt":"2026-11-06T13:58:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/cooperativas-agricolas-en-israel\/"},"modified":"2026-11-08T15:24:51","modified_gmt":"2026-11-08T15:24:51","slug":"cooperativas-agricolas-en-israel","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/es\/biblioteca-de-recursos\/las-raices-del-movimiento-clt\/precursores-internacionales\/cooperativas-agricolas-en-israel\/","title":{"rendered":"Cooperativas agr\u00edcolas en Israel"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group clt-ph is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"clt-ph-label wp-block-paragraph\">La Gu\u00eda del jardinero \u00b7 Parte 1 \u00b7 Cap\u00edtulo 4 de 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading clt-ph-title\">Cooperativas agr\u00edcolas en Israel<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"clt-ph-desc wp-block-paragraph\">En 1968, ocho estadounidenses viajaron a Israel para estudiar cooperativas en tierras arrendadas, con la esperanza de ayudar a los agricultores negros que eran expulsados de sus tierras en el Sur rural.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"clt-ph-facts wp-block-paragraph\">Por John Emmeus Davis \u00b7 Ilustraciones de Bonnie Acker \u00b7 2014<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6af2627a769d5&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6af2627a769d5\" class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-medium is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"240\" height=\"300\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/PRECUSORS-Coops-in-Israel-240x300.jpg\" alt=\"Ilustraci&#xF3;n: Cooperativas agr&#xED;colas en Israel\" class=\"wp-image-21043\" style=\"width:239px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/PRECUSORS-Coops-in-Israel-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/PRECUSORS-Coops-in-Israel-818x1024.jpg 818w, https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/PRECUSORS-Coops-in-Israel-768x962.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/PRECUSORS-Coops-in-Israel.jpg 844w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ilustraci\u00f3n de Bonnie Acker \u00a9 2014<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En junio de 1968, ocho personas de Estados Unidos viajaron a Israel con el prop\u00f3sito de estudiar las cooperativas agr\u00edcolas en tierras arrendadas. Su esperanza era que algo similar pudiera aplicarse en el Sur rural para mejorar la condici\u00f3n de los aparceros, arrendatarios y agricultores afroamericanos empobrecidos que se ve\u00edan obligados a abandonar la tierra, como consecuencia econ\u00f3mica de la mecanizaci\u00f3n de la agricultura o como consecuencia pol\u00edtica de su participaci\u00f3n en la lucha por los derechos civiles en el Sur.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La delegaci\u00f3n estadounidense estaba compuesta por:<\/p>\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6af2627a776f7&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6af2627a776f7\" class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-medium is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"224\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Israel-1968-Slater-King-Bob-Swann-Marion-King-Fay-Bennett-300x224.jpg\" alt=\"Israel 1968: Slater King, Bob Swann, Marion King, Fay Bennett\" class=\"wp-image-20591\" style=\"width:300px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Israel-1968-Slater-King-Bob-Swann-Marion-King-Fay-Bennett-300x224.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Israel-1968-Slater-King-Bob-Swann-Marion-King-Fay-Bennett-768x574.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Israel-1968-Slater-King-Bob-Swann-Marion-King-Fay-Bennett.jpg 935w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Slater King, empresario local y l\u00edder de los derechos civiles de Albany, Georgia;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Marion King, esposa de Slater, que hab\u00eda sido una de las primeras afroamericanas en registrarse para votar cuando el movimiento por los derechos civiles de Albany cobr\u00f3 fuerza a principios de los a\u00f1os sesenta;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bob Swann, director de campo en EE.UU. del Instituto Internacional para la Independencia de Massachusetts;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fay Bennett, directora ejecutiva del National Sharecroppers Fund, organizaci\u00f3n de defensa sin \u00e1nimo de lucro creada en 1937 para dar a conocer la dif\u00edcil situaci\u00f3n de los aparceros y granjeros arrendatarios y presionar en favor de una legislaci\u00f3n protectora, servicios sociales y oportunidades econ\u00f3micas para estos trabajadores agr\u00edcolas;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Leonard Smith, colega de Fay Bennett en el National Sharecroppers Fund;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lewis Black, miembro de la junta directiva de la Asociaci\u00f3n de Cooperativas Agr\u00edcolas del Suroeste de Alabama;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Albert Turner, director de campo de la Conferencia de Liderazgo de la Conferencia del Sur en Alabama; y<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Charles Sherrod, fundador y antiguo organizador del Comit\u00e9 Coordinador Estudiantil No Violento, que acababa de regresar a Georgia tras obtener el t\u00edtulo de Doctor en Divinidad por el Seminario Teol\u00f3gico de la Uni\u00f3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6af2627a78585&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6af2627a78585\" class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-medium is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"232\" height=\"300\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Jewish-National-Fund-logo-232x300.jpg\" alt=\"Logotipo del Fondo Nacional Jud&#xED;o\" class=\"wp-image-20592\" style=\"width:232px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Jewish-National-Fund-logo-232x300.jpg 232w, https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Jewish-National-Fund-logo-792x1024.jpg 792w, https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Jewish-National-Fund-logo-768x993.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Jewish-National-Fund-logo.jpg 928w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 232px) 100vw, 232px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6af2627a79127&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6af2627a79127\" class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-medium is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Desert-agriculture-in-Israel-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"La agricultura en el desierto de Israel\" class=\"wp-image-20593\" style=\"width:300px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Desert-agriculture-in-Israel-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Desert-agriculture-in-Israel-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Desert-agriculture-in-Israel.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lo que atrajo a estos ocho activistas a Israel fue la oportunidad de conocer mejor los <em>kibutzim<\/em> y <em>los moshavim<\/em> del pa\u00eds, comunidades agr\u00edcolas planificadas que gestionaban empresas cooperativas en terrenos arrendados al Fondo Nacional Jud\u00edo (JNF). Fundado en 1901 por sionistas influenciados por los escritos de Henry George, el JNF compr\u00f3 tierras en la Palestina otomana (m\u00e1s tarde Israel) y, posteriormente, las puso a disposici\u00f3n para el asentamiento y el desarrollo jud\u00edos mediante arrendamientos de 99 a\u00f1os. Su pol\u00edtica desde el principio fue actuar \u00abcomo fideicomisario de la tierra del pueblo jud\u00edo\u00bb, seg\u00fan reza los estatutos del JNF, lo que significaba no vender casi nunca ninguna de sus propiedades. Este principio qued\u00f3 posteriormente consagrado en la Ley Fundamental del nuevo pa\u00eds, que estipula que \u00ab<em>\u00abLa propiedad de las tierras de Israel&#8230; no se podr\u00e1 transferir ni mediante venta ni de ninguna otra forma\u00bb. <\/em>Se permit\u00edan los arrendamientos <em>a largo plazo <\/em>, pero no la venta.<em> <\/em><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La oportunidad de estudiar este sofisticado sistema de arrendamiento de terrenos a gran escala fue uno de los motivos del viaje de los estadounidenses a Israel en 1968. Por mucho que se hubieran inspirado en las aldeas Gramdan de la India, hasta el punto de hablar de desencadenar un \u00abMovimiento Gramdan en Am\u00e9rica\u00bb, las costumbres, leyes y econom\u00eda que rodeaban el arrendamiento de terrenos en Israel parec\u00edan encajar mejor en Estados Unidos.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El segundo aliciente fueron las d\u00e9cadas de \u00e9xito de Israel en el desarrollo rural mediante comunidades experimentales y cooperativas agr\u00edcolas. El modelo que m\u00e1s les llam\u00f3 la atenci\u00f3n a los estadounidenses, durante su estancia de un mes en Israel, fue el <em>moshav<\/em>. Cre\u00edan que el enfoque m\u00e1s colectivista respecto a la propiedad, los beneficios y la crianza de los hijos que caracterizaba al <em>kibutz<\/em> resultar\u00eda inaceptable para los afroamericanos de las zonas rurales de Georgia. En un <em>moshav<\/em>, por el contrario, la compra, la venta y la mayor parte de la producci\u00f3n se llevaban a cabo de forma cooperativa, pero cada familia ten\u00eda su propio arrendamiento y era propietaria de su propia vivienda.<\/p>\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6af2627a79c20&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6af2627a79c20\" class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-full is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"449\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Nahalal-1939-1945.jpg\" alt=\"Nahalal, 1939-1945\" class=\"wp-image-21045\" style=\"width:311px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Nahalal-1939-1945.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Nahalal-1939-1945-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6af2627a7a478&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6af2627a7a478\" class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-medium is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"296\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Nahalal-today-300x296.jpg\" alt=\"Nahalal hoy en d&#xED;a\" class=\"wp-image-20594\" style=\"width:300px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Nahalal-today-300x296.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Nahalal-today-1024x1012.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Nahalal-today-768x759.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Nahalal-today.jpg 1107w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El primer <em>moshav<\/em>, Nahalal, se fund\u00f3 en el norte de Israel en 1921. El plan urban\u00edstico de Nahalal, dise\u00f1ado por el arquitecto Richard Kauffmann, se convirti\u00f3 en el modelo a seguir para muchos de los <em>moshavim<\/em> fundados antes de 1948. Se basa en c\u00edrculos conc\u00e9ntricos, con los edificios p\u00fablicos (colegio, oficinas administrativas y culturales, tiendas y almacenes de la cooperativa) en el centro, las viviendas en el c\u00edrculo m\u00e1s interior, los edificios agr\u00edcolas en el siguiente y, m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de estos, c\u00edrculos cada vez m\u00e1s amplios de huertos y campos. En 1986, hab\u00eda unos 156 700 israel\u00edes viviendo en 448 <em>moshavim<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cuando la delegaci\u00f3n estadounidense volvi\u00f3 a Estados Unidos, era el <em>moshav<\/em>  modelo que recomendaron a sus amigos y compa\u00f1eros para que lo adoptaran. La combinaci\u00f3n de la propiedad comunitaria de la tierra, la propiedad individual de las viviendas y la organizaci\u00f3n cooperativa de empresas generadoras de ingresos les parec\u00eda la mezcla perfecta para el desarrollo comunitario que esperaban llevar a cabo y para la poblaci\u00f3n empobrecida a la que esperaban ayudar. Un a\u00f1o despu\u00e9s, tras un proceso de planificaci\u00f3n participativa liderado por los hombres y mujeres que hab\u00edan viajado a Israel, se presentaron los estatutos de New Communities Inc., \u00abuna sociedad sin \u00e1nimo de lucro destinada a gestionar terrenos en fideicomiso comunitario de tierras para el uso permanente de las comunidades rurales\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-palette-color-6-background-color has-background is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-3493ed78 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"border-radius:10px;margin-top:48px;padding-top:28px;padding-right:28px;padding-bottom:28px;padding-left:28px\">\n<h2 id=\"h-further-reading\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"margin-top:0\">M\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"168\" height=\"180\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Commerorative-moshav-stamp.jpg\" alt=\"Sello conmemorativo del moshav\" class=\"wp-image-20595\" style=\"width:168px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Elaine Baldwin, <em>\u00abDiferenciaci\u00f3n y cooperaci\u00f3n en un moshav veterano israel\u00ed\u00bb ( <\/em>Manchester University Press, 1972).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Instituto Internacional para la Independencia, \u00abUn experimento: Organizing New Communities, Inc.\u00bb, cap\u00edtulo tres de <em>*The Community Land Trust: A Guide to a New Model for Land Tenure in America* ( <\/em>Cambridge, MA: Centro para el Desarrollo Econ\u00f3mico Comunitario, 1972).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bob Swann,<a href=\"https:\/\/centerforneweconomics.org\/publications\/peace-civil-rights-and-the-search-for-community-an-autobiography\/\">\u00abNew Communities: 5000 acres y un mill\u00f3n de d\u00f3lares<\/a>\u00bb, cap\u00edtulo 20 de <a href=\"http:\/\/www.centerforneweconomics.org\/publications\/peace-civil-rights-and-search-community-autobiography\"><em>\u00abPaz, derechos civiles y la b\u00fasqueda de la comunidad: una autobiograf\u00eda\u00bb<\/em><\/a> (Great Barrington, MA: Schumacher Society for a New Economics, 2001).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S. Ilan Troen, <em>*Imaginando Si\u00f3n: sue\u00f1os, proyectos y realidades en un siglo de asentamientos jud\u00edos*<\/em> (Yale University Press, 2003).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Harry Viteles, <em>Historia del movimiento cooperativo en Israel<\/em> (Vallentine Mitchell &amp; Company Ltd, 1968).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D. Weintraub, M. Lissak, Y. Azmon, S. N. Eisenstadt, <em>\u00abMoshava, kibutz y moshav: modelos de asentamiento rural jud\u00edo y desarrollo en Palestina\u00bb<\/em> (Cornell University Press, 1969).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-external-links\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Enlaces externos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul id=\"block-59\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.jnf.org\">Fondo Nacional Jud\u00edo<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moshav\">Entrada de Wikipedia sobre \u00abmoshav\u00bb<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nahalal\">Entrada de Wikipedia sobre Nahalal<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"themify_builder_content-35\" data-postid=\"35\" class=\"themify_builder_content themify_builder_content-35 themify_builder\">\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-not-stacked-on-mobile is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-35719fbe wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:48px\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-palette-color-13-color has-text-color has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Anterior<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/es\/biblioteca-de-recursos\/las-raices-del-movimiento-clt\/precursores-internacionales\/las-aldeas-gramdan-en-la-india\/\">\u2190 Pueblos de Gramdan en la India<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right has-palette-color-13-color has-text-color has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Siguiente<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/es\/biblioteca-de-recursos\/las-raices-del-movimiento-clt\/pioneros-domesticos\/\">Pioneros nacionales \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-palette-color-5-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-palette-color-5-background-color has-background is-style-wide\" style=\"margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:40px\"\/>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-more-from-international-precursors\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u00e1s de \u00abInternational Precursors\u00bb<\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group gg-tiles is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-080b9d9d wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\"><style>.kt-info-box20764_t0{height:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column.kb-section-dir-horizontal > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kt-info-box20764_t0{height:auto;align-self:stretch;}.kt-info-box20764_t0 .kt-blocks-info-box-link-wrap{height:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column.kb-section-dir-horizontal > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kt-info-box20764_t0 .kt-blocks-info-box-link-wrap{max-width:unset;}.kt-info-box20764_t0 .kt-blocks-info-box-link-wrap{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;border-top-left-radius:10px;border-top-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-left-radius:10px;background:var(--theme-palette-color-8);padding-top:10px;padding-right:10px;padding-bottom:16px;padding-left:10px;}.kt-info-box20764_t0 .kt-blocks-info-box-link-wrap:hover{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;background:var(--theme-palette-color-8);}.kt-info-box20764_t0.wp-block-kadence-infobox{max-width:100%;}.kt-info-box20764_t0 .kadence-info-box-image-inner-intrisic-container .kadence-info-box-image-intrisic{padding-bottom:118.1102%;width:254px;height:0px;max-width:100%;}.kt-info-box20764_t0 .kadence-info-box-icon-container .kt-info-svg-icon, .kt-info-box20764_t0 .kt-info-svg-icon-flip, .kt-info-box20764_t0 .kt-blocks-info-box-number{font-size:50px;}.kt-info-box20764_t0 .kt-blocks-info-box-media{border-radius:6px;overflow:hidden;border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.kt-info-box20764_t0 .kt-blocks-info-box-media-container{margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:12px;margin-left:0px;}.kt-info-box20764_t0 .kt-infobox-textcontent h3.kt-blocks-info-box-title{color:var(--theme-palette-color-4);font-size:18px;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:2px;margin-left:0px;}.kt-info-box20764_t0 .kt-blocks-info-box-link-wrap:hover h3.kt-blocks-info-box-title{color:var(--theme-palette-color-4);}.kt-info-box20764_t0 .kt-infobox-textcontent .kt-blocks-info-box-text{color:var(--theme-palette-color-13);}.wp-block-kadence-infobox.kt-info-box20764_t0 .kt-blocks-info-box-text{font-size:14px;line-height:1.5;}.kt-info-box20764_t0 .kt-blocks-info-box-link-wrap:hover .kt-blocks-info-box-text{color:var(--theme-palette-color-13);}.kt-info-box20764_t0 .kt-blocks-info-box-learnmore{background:transparent;border-width:0px 0px 0px 0px;padding-top:4px;padding-right:8px;padding-bottom:4px;padding-left:8px;margin-top:10px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:10px;margin-left:0px;}.kt-info-box20764_t0 .kt-blocks-info-box-link-wrap{box-shadow:0px 2px 8px 0px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.14);}.kt-info-box20764_t0 .kt-blocks-info-box-link-wrap:hover{box-shadow:0px 12px 24px 0px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.3);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-info-box20764_t0 .kt-blocks-info-box-link-wrap{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;box-shadow:0px 2px 8px 0px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.14);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-info-box20764_t0 .kt-blocks-info-box-link-wrap:hover{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;box-shadow:0px 12px 24px 0px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.3);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-info-box20764_t0 .kt-blocks-info-box-link-wrap{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;box-shadow:0px 2px 8px 0px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.14);}.kt-info-box20764_t0 .kt-blocks-info-box-link-wrap:hover{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;box-shadow:0px 12px 24px 0px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.3);}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-infobox kt-info-box20764_t0\"><a class=\"kt-blocks-info-box-link-wrap info-box-link kt-blocks-info-box-media-align-top kt-info-halign-left\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/es\/biblioteca-de-recursos\/las-raices-del-movimiento-clt\/precursores-internacionales\/cereales-antiguos\/\" aria-label=\"Ancient Grains\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-info-box-media-container\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-info-box-media kt-info-media-animate-none\"><div class=\"kadence-info-box-image-inner-intrisic-container\"><div class=\"kadence-info-box-image-intrisic kt-info-animate-none\"><div class=\"kadence-info-box-image-inner-intrisic\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/BAcker-Ancient-Grains-254x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"254\" height=\"300\" class=\"kt-info-box-image wp-image-21032\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/BAcker-Ancient-Grains-254x300.jpg 254w, https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/BAcker-Ancient-Grains-868x1024.jpg 868w, https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/BAcker-Ancient-Grains-768x906.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/BAcker-Ancient-Grains-1302x1536.jpg 1302w, https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/BAcker-Ancient-Grains.jpg 1420w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 254px) 100vw, 254px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kt-infobox-textcontent\"><h3 class=\"kt-blocks-info-box-title\">Cereales antiguos<\/h3><\/div><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kt-info-box20764_t1{height:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column.kb-section-dir-horizontal > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kt-info-box20764_t1{height:auto;align-self:stretch;}.kt-info-box20764_t1 .kt-blocks-info-box-link-wrap{height:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column.kb-section-dir-horizontal > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kt-info-box20764_t1 .kt-blocks-info-box-link-wrap{max-width:unset;}.kt-info-box20764_t1 .kt-blocks-info-box-link-wrap{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;border-top-left-radius:10px;border-top-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-left-radius:10px;background:var(--theme-palette-color-8);padding-top:10px;padding-right:10px;padding-bottom:16px;padding-left:10px;}.kt-info-box20764_t1 .kt-blocks-info-box-link-wrap:hover{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;background:var(--theme-palette-color-8);}.kt-info-box20764_t1.wp-block-kadence-infobox{max-width:100%;}.kt-info-box20764_t1 .kadence-info-box-image-inner-intrisic-container .kadence-info-box-image-intrisic{padding-bottom:102.0408%;width:294px;height:0px;max-width:100%;}.kt-info-box20764_t1 .kadence-info-box-icon-container .kt-info-svg-icon, .kt-info-box20764_t1 .kt-info-svg-icon-flip, .kt-info-box20764_t1 .kt-blocks-info-box-number{font-size:50px;}.kt-info-box20764_t1 .kt-blocks-info-box-media{border-radius:6px;overflow:hidden;border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.kt-info-box20764_t1 .kt-blocks-info-box-media-container{margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:12px;margin-left:0px;}.kt-info-box20764_t1 .kt-infobox-textcontent h3.kt-blocks-info-box-title{color:var(--theme-palette-color-4);font-size:18px;padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:2px;margin-left:0px;}.kt-info-box20764_t1 .kt-blocks-info-box-link-wrap:hover h3.kt-blocks-info-box-title{color:var(--theme-palette-color-4);}.kt-info-box20764_t1 .kt-infobox-textcontent .kt-blocks-info-box-text{color:var(--theme-palette-color-13);}.wp-block-kadence-infobox.kt-info-box20764_t1 .kt-blocks-info-box-text{font-size:14px;line-height:1.5;}.kt-info-box20764_t1 .kt-blocks-info-box-link-wrap:hover .kt-blocks-info-box-text{color:var(--theme-palette-color-13);}.kt-info-box20764_t1 .kt-blocks-info-box-learnmore{background:transparent;border-width:0px 0px 0px 0px;padding-top:4px;padding-right:8px;padding-bottom:4px;padding-left:8px;margin-top:10px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:10px;margin-left:0px;}.kt-info-box20764_t1 .kt-blocks-info-box-link-wrap{box-shadow:0px 2px 8px 0px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.14);}.kt-info-box20764_t1 .kt-blocks-info-box-link-wrap:hover{box-shadow:0px 12px 24px 0px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.3);}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-info-box20764_t1 .kt-blocks-info-box-link-wrap{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;box-shadow:0px 2px 8px 0px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.14);}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-info-box20764_t1 .kt-blocks-info-box-link-wrap:hover{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;box-shadow:0px 12px 24px 0px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.3);}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-info-box20764_t1 .kt-blocks-info-box-link-wrap{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;box-shadow:0px 2px 8px 0px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.14);}.kt-info-box20764_t1 .kt-blocks-info-box-link-wrap:hover{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;box-shadow:0px 12px 24px 0px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.3);}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-infobox kt-info-box20764_t1\"><a class=\"kt-blocks-info-box-link-wrap info-box-link kt-blocks-info-box-media-align-top kt-info-halign-left\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/es\/biblioteca-de-recursos\/las-raices-del-movimiento-clt\/precursores-internacionales\/las-ciudades-jardin-en-inglaterra\/\" aria-label=\"Garden Cities in England\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-info-box-media-container\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-info-box-media kt-info-media-animate-none\"><div class=\"kadence-info-box-image-inner-intrisic-container\"><div class=\"kadence-info-box-image-intrisic kt-info-animate-none\"><div class=\"kadence-info-box-image-inner-intrisic\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/PRECUSORS-Garden-Cities-294x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"294\" height=\"300\" class=\"kt-info-box-image wp-image-21037\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/PRECUSORS-Garden-Cities-294x300.jpg 294w, https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/PRECUSORS-Garden-Cities-1002x1024.jpg 1002w, https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/PRECUSORS-Garden-Cities-768x785.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/PRECUSORS-Garden-Cities-1504x1536.jpg 1504w, https:\/\/www.cltweb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/PRECUSORS-Garden-Cities.jpg 1627w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 294px) 100vw, 294px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kt-infobox-textcontent\"><h3 class=\"kt-blocks-info-box-title\">Las ciudades-jard\u00edn en Inglaterra<\/h3><\/div><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kt-info-box20764_t2{height:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column.kb-section-dir-horizontal > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kt-info-box20764_t2{height:auto;align-self:stretch;}.kt-info-box20764_t2 .kt-blocks-info-box-link-wrap{height:100%;}.wp-block-kadence-column.kb-section-dir-horizontal > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kt-info-box20764_t2 .kt-blocks-info-box-link-wrap{max-width:unset;}.kt-info-box20764_t2 .kt-blocks-info-box-link-wrap{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid 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[&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21436,"parent":21122,"menu_order":4,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"give_campaign_id":0,"_tec_requires_first_save":true,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"_tribe_blocks_recurrence_rules":"","_tribe_blocks_recurrence_description":"","_tribe_blocks_recurrence_exclusions":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20931","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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